使用Python创建一个功能完整的Windows风格计算器程序
python实现windows系统计算器程序(含高级功能)
下面我将介绍如何使用python创建一个功能完整的windows风格计算器程序,包含基本运算和高级数学功能。
1. 使用tkinter实现基础计算器
import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk import math class calculator: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title("高级计算器") self.root.geometry("400x550") self.root.resizable(false, false) # 当前输入和结果 self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.operation = none self.reset_input = false # 创建界面 self.create_widgets() def create_widgets(self): # 显示框 self.display_frame = ttk.frame(self.root) self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.both, padx=10, pady=10) self.expression_var = tk.stringvar() self.expression_label = ttk.label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var, font=("arial", 18), anchor=tk.e ) self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) self.result_var = tk.stringvar() self.result_label = ttk.label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var, font=("arial", 28, "bold"), anchor=tk.e, foreground="blue" ) self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) # 按钮框架 self.buttons_frame = ttk.frame(self.root) self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) # 按钮布局 buttons = [ ("c", 0, 0, "#ff9500", self.clear_all), ("⌫", 0, 1, "#ff9500", self.delete_last), ("÷", 0, 2, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")), ("×", 0, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")), ("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")), ("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")), ("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")), ("-", 1, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")), ("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")), ("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")), ("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")), ("+", 2, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")), ("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")), ("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")), ("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")), ("=", 3, 3, "#4cd964", self.calculate), ("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")), (".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")), ("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")), (")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")), # 高级功能按钮 ("sin", 5, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sin(")), ("cos", 5, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.cos(")), ("tan", 5, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.tan(")), ("log", 5, 3, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")), ("√", 6, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sqrt(")), ("x²", 6, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")), ("x³", 6, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")), ("π", 6, 3, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))), ("e", 7, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))), ("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")), ("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")), (")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")), ("ans", 8, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))), ("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")), ("n!", 8, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.factorial(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")), ("(", 8, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")), ] # 创建按钮 for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons: button = ttk.button( self.buttons_frame, text=text, command=command ) if text.isdigit() or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]: button.configure(style="number.tbutton") elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "ans", "1/x", "n!"]: button.configure(style="function.tbutton") else: button.configure(style="operator.tbutton") button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5) # 配置网格权重 self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1) self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1) # 设置按钮样式 style = ttk.style() style.configure("tbutton", font=("arial", 14)) style.map("tbutton", foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007aff')], background=[('pressed', '#007aff'), ('active', '#007aff')], relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')]) style.configure("number.tbutton", background="#f2f2f7") style.configure("operator.tbutton", background="#ff9500", foreground="white") style.configure("function.tbutton", background="#5856d6", foreground="white") # 计算结果变量 self.previous_result = 0 def add_number(self, number): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = "" self.reset_input = false if number == "." and "." in self.current_input: return self.current_input += number self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def add_operation(self, operation): if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "": return if self.previous_input: self.calculate() self.operation = operation else: self.operation = operation self.previous_input = self.current_input self.current_input = "" self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation) def add_function(self, function): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = "" self.reset_input = false # 检查是否需要添加括号 if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""): self.current_input += ")" self.current_input += function if not self.current_input.endswith(")"): self.current_input += "(" self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def clear_all(self): self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.operation = none self.reset_input = false self.expression_var.set("") self.result_var.set("") def delete_last(self): if self.current_input: self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "") elif self.previous_input: self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "") def calculate(self): try: # 替换x为*用于计算 expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**") # 处理特殊函数 if "sin(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("sin(", "math.sin(") if "cos(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("cos(", "math.cos(") if "tan(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("tan(", "math.tan(") if "log(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("log(", "math.log10(") if "√(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("√(", "math.sqrt(") result = eval(expression, {"math": math}) self.previous_input = str(result) self.current_input = str(result) self.expression_var.set(str(result)) self.result_var.set("=" + str(result)) self.previous_result = result self.reset_input = true except exception as e: self.expression_var.set("错误") self.result_var.set("") self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.reset_input = false @property def current_input(self): return self._current_input @current_input.setter def current_input(self, value): self._current_input = value # 创建主窗口并运行计算器 if __name__ == "__main__": import math root = tk.tk() calculator = calculator(root) # 添加自定义样式 style = ttk.style() style.theme_use('clam') root.mainloop()
2. 高级功能实现
2.1 科学计算功能
上述代码已经实现了以下高级功能:
- 三角函数:sin, cos, tan
- 对数函数:log10
- 平方根:√
- 幂运算:x², x³, x^y
- 常数:π, e
- 阶乘:n!
- 反函数:1/x
2.2 历史记录功能(扩展)
要添加历史记录功能,可以修改代码如下:
class calculator: def __init__(self, root): # ... 其他初始化代码 ... self.history = [] # 存储计算历史 def calculate(self): try: # ... 计算代码 ... # 添加到历史记录 if self.previous_input and self.operation and self.current_input: expression = f"{self.previous_input} {self.operation} {self.current_input}" self.history.append((expression, str(result))) if len(self.history) > 10: # 限制历史记录数量 self.history.pop(0) # ... 其他代码 ... except exception as e: # ... 错误处理代码 ... def show_history(self): # 创建新窗口显示历史记录 history_window = tk.toplevel(self.root) history_window.title("计算历史") history_window.geometry("350x400") history_text = tk.text(history_window, font=("arial", 12)) history_text.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true, padx=10, pady=10) for expr, res in self.history: history_text.insert(tk.end, f"{expr} = {res}\n") history_text.config(state=tk.disabled)
2.3 图形绘制功能(扩展)
要添加函数图形绘制功能,可以使用matplotlib:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import figurecanvastkagg class calculator: # ... 其他代码 ... def plot_function(self): function_window = tk.toplevel(self.root) function_window.title("函数绘图") function_window.geometry("600x500") # 创建输入框 input_frame = ttk.frame(function_window) input_frame.pack(fill=tk.x, padx=10, pady=10) ttk.label(input_frame, text="输入函数 (使用x作为变量):").pack(side=tk.left) function_entry = ttk.entry(input_frame, width=30) function_entry.pack(side=tk.left, padx=5) function_entry.insert(0, "math.sin(x)") # 默认函数 # 创建绘图区域 fig_frame = ttk.frame(function_window) fig_frame.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true, padx=10, pady=10) fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 5)) canvas = figurecanvastkagg(fig, master=fig_frame) canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) # 绘制按钮 def draw_plot(): try: func_str = function_entry.get() x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 400) y = eval(func_str, {"math": math, "x": x, "np": np}) ax.clear() ax.plot(x, y) ax.set_title(f"y = {func_str}") ax.grid(true) canvas.draw() except exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"无法绘制函数: {str(e)}") ttk.button(function_window, text="绘制", command=draw_plot).pack(pady=5)
3. 完整功能整合
将上述功能整合到一个完整的计算器程序中:
import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, messagebox import math import numpy as np class advancedcalculator: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title("高级科学计算器") self.root.geometry("500x650") self.root.resizable(false, false) self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.operation = none self.reset_input = false self.history = [] self.create_widgets() def create_widgets(self): # 显示框 self.display_frame = ttk.frame(self.root) self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.both, padx=10, pady=10) self.expression_var = tk.stringvar() self.expression_label = ttk.label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var, font=("arial", 14), anchor=tk.e ) self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) self.result_var = tk.stringvar() self.result_label = ttk.label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var, font=("arial", 24, "bold"), anchor=tk.e, foreground="blue" ) self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) # 按钮框架 self.buttons_frame = ttk.frame(self.root) self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true) # 按钮布局 buttons = [ # 第一行 ("c", 0, 0, "#ff9500", self.clear_all), ("⌫", 0, 1, "#ff9500", self.delete_last), ("÷", 0, 2, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")), ("×", 0, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")), # 第二行 ("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")), ("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")), ("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")), ("-", 1, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")), # 第三行 ("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")), ("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")), ("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")), ("+", 2, 3, "#ff9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")), # 第四行 ("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")), ("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")), ("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")), ("=", 3, 3, "#4cd964", self.calculate), # 第五行 ("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")), (".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")), ("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")), (")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")), # 第六行 - 高级功能 ("sin", 5, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sin(")), ("cos", 5, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.cos(")), ("tan", 5, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.tan(")), ("log", 5, 3, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")), # 第七行 ("√", 6, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.sqrt(")), ("x²", 6, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")), ("x³", 6, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")), ("π", 6, 3, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))), # 第八行 ("e", 7, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))), ("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")), ("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")), (")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")), # 第九行 ("ans", 8, 0, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))), ("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")), ("n!", 8, 2, "#5856d6", lambda: self.add_function("math.factorial(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")), ("hist", 8, 3, "#5856d6", self.show_history), ] # 创建按钮 for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons: button = ttk.button( self.buttons_frame, text=text, command=command ) if text.isdigit() or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]: button.configure(style="number.tbutton") elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "ans", "1/x", "n!"]: button.configure(style="function.tbutton") elif text in ["hist"]: button.configure(style="history.tbutton") else: button.configure(style="operator.tbutton") button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5) # 配置网格权重 self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1) self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1) # 设置按钮样式 style = ttk.style() style.configure("tbutton", font=("arial", 14)) style.map("tbutton", foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007aff')], background=[('pressed', '#007aff'), ('active', '#007aff')], relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')]) style.configure("number.tbutton", background="#f2f2f7") style.configure("operator.tbutton", background="#ff9500", foreground="white") style.configure("function.tbutton", background="#5856d6", foreground="white") style.configure("history.tbutton", background="#8e8e93", foreground="white") # 计算结果变量 self.previous_result = 0 def add_number(self, number): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = "" self.reset_input = false if number == "." and "." in self.current_input: return self.current_input += number self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def add_operation(self, operation): if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "": return if self.previous_input: self.calculate() self.operation = operation else: self.operation = operation self.previous_input = self.current_input self.current_input = "" self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation) def add_function(self, function): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = "" self.reset_input = false # 检查是否需要添加括号 if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""): self.current_input += ")" self.current_input += function if not self.current_input.endswith(")"): self.current_input += "(" self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def clear_all(self): self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.operation = none self.reset_input = false self.expression_var.set("") self.result_var.set("") def delete_last(self): if self.current_input: self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "") elif self.previous_input: self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "") def calculate(self): try: # 替换x为*用于计算 expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**") # 处理特殊函数 if "sin(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("sin(", "math.sin(") if "cos(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("cos(", "math.cos(") if "tan(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("tan(", "math.tan(") if "log(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("log(", "math.log10(") if "√(" in expression: expression = expression.replace("√(", "math.sqrt(") result = eval(expression, {"math": math}) self.previous_input = str(result) self.current_input = str(result) self.expression_var.set(str(result)) self.result_var.set("=" + str(result)) self.previous_result = result self.reset_input = true # 添加到历史记录 if self.previous_input and self.operation and self.current_input: expr = f"{self.previous_input} {self.operation} {self.current_input}" self.history.append((expr, str(result))) if len(self.history) > 10: # 限制历史记录数量 self.history.pop(0) except exception as e: self.expression_var.set("错误") self.result_var.set("") self.current_input = "" self.previous_input = "" self.reset_input = false @property def current_input(self): return self._current_input @current_input.setter def current_input(self, value): self._current_input = value def show_history(self): history_window = tk.toplevel(self.root) history_window.title("计算历史") history_window.geometry("400x400") history_text = tk.text(history_window, font=("arial", 12)) history_text.pack(fill=tk.both, expand=true, padx=10, pady=10) for expr, res in self.history: history_text.insert(tk.end, f"{expr} = {res}\n") history_text.config(state=tk.disabled) # 创建主窗口并运行计算器 if __name__ == "__main__": import math root = tk.tk() # 添加自定义样式 style = ttk.style() style.theme_use('clam') calculator = advancedcalculator(root) root.mainloop()
4. 功能说明
4.1 基本功能
- 支持加、减、乘、除基本运算
- 支持括号和小数点
- 清除(c)和删除(⌫)功能
4.2 高级科学计算功能
- 三角函数:sin, cos, tan
- 对数函数:log10
- 平方根:√
- 幂运算:x², x³, x^y
- 常数:π, e
- 阶乘:n!
- 反函数:1/x
4.3 额外功能
- 历史记录:记录最近10次计算
- ans功能:使用上一次的计算结果
5. 扩展建议
- 图形绘制功能:添加函数绘图功能,可以使用matplotlib集成
- 单位转换:添加长度、重量、温度等单位转换功能
- 方程求解:添加一元二次方程等求解功能
- 统计计算:添加平均值、标准差等统计功能
- 编程模式:添加自定义函数定义功能
这个计算器程序提供了完整的科学计算功能,界面简洁直观,适合学习和日常使用。
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