centos 5.4 32位安装nginx php mysql

版本选择 :php 5.3.14 mysql 5.5.25 Nginx 1.2.1

试用阿里云主机512m，配置环境测试

参考：

一、挂载数据盘

可以先测试是否挂载

fdisk -l|grep Disk

df -lh

没有挂载的话,如下做

1. 切换到root;

2. 运行命令 “fdisk /dev/xvdb”;

3. 根据提示，依次输入 “n”, “p”, “1”;

4. 然后 ，按两次回车;

5. 输入 “w”, 当提示Syncing disks.时，表示已成功完成分区;

6. 输入 “mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1” 格式化分区；这里要耐心等待

7. 输入 “mkdir /data0″建立挂载目录

8. 使用”mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0 “命令挂载分区后即可使用。

9. vi /etc/fstab

按 i

最后一行写入

/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0

按esc

输入:wq ，回车

操作完毕

二、安装gcc

打开 /etc/yum.conf 然后找到这行：

exclude=kernel*

修改为：

exclude=

安装升级所需程序库

sudo -s

LANG=C

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

三、下载所需程序

mkdir -p /data0/soft

cd /data0/soft

wget

wget

wget http:// MySQL .ntu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz

四、 安装PHP 5.3.14

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.14/

./configure –prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure –enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

编译安装MySQL 5.5.25a

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.8

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/s bin /useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.25a

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DWITH_SSL=system \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

make

make intall

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cd ../

附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分增加

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data #添加MySQL数据库路径

./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限

chkconfig mysqld on #加入开机启动

vi /etc/rc.d/ ini t.d/mysqld #编辑

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data #MySQl数据库存放目录

service mysqld start #启动

vi /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量：在最后添加下面这一行

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin

下面这两行把myslq的库文件链接到系统默认的位置，这样你在编译类似PHP等软件时可以不用指定mysql

的库文件地址。

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

重启系统，等待系统重新启动之后继续在终端命令行下面操作

mysql_secure_installation #设置Mysql密码

根据提示按Y 回车输入2次密码

或者直接修改密码/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password “123456” #修改

密码

service mysqld restart #重启

到此，mysql安装完成！

通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车，上处修改密码了的话这里要输入的）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678’;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@’127.0.0.1’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678’;

（可选）停止MySQL：

service mysqld stop

//安装到此截止了，php请看下一章

附：常用mysql命令：

查看用户信息

select user,host,password from mysql.user;

(3)创建数据库

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u admin -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

(注意密码是 12345678)

MySQL>create database blog;

MySQL>flush privileges;

查询用户下的数据库

SHOW DATABASES;

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.3.14.tar.gz

cd php-5.3.14/

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib/

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18

./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’

make install

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-3.0.6.tgz

cd memcache-3.0.6/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

cd imagick-2.3.0/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

5、修改php.ini

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的找到

找到：;date.timezone =

修改为：date.timezone = PRC #设置时区

找到：expose_php = On

修改为：expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息

找到：display_errors = On

修改为：display_errors = OFF #关闭错误提示

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

chmod 777 /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so”

eaccelerator.shm_size=”64″

eaccelerator.cache_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache”

eaccelerator.enable=”1″

eaccelerator.optimizer=”1″

eaccelerator.check_mtime=”1″

eaccelerator.debug=”0″

eaccelerator.filter=””

eaccelerator.shm_max=”0″

eaccelerator.shm_ttl=”3600″

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=”3600″

eaccelerator.shm_only=”0″

eaccelerator.compress=”1″

eaccelerator.compress_level=”9″

7、创建 www 用户和组，以及供两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

创建 php-fpm 配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）

cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

修改 vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

php_flag[display_errors] = off;不显示错误信息

pm.max_children = 32 ;静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量，内存小于3g不要超过64

pm.start_servers = 5;动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。

pm.min_spare_servers = 5;动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量

pm.max_spare_servers = 30;动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量

pm.max_requests = 512

user = www

group = www

pm = dynamic;进程数动态模式不清楚的不要修改

;pm = static;进程数静态模式不清楚的不要修改

pid = run/php-fpm.pid ;取消前面的分号

#检查语法是否正确

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

#出现NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful 测试成功

启动fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &

相关命令

INT, TERM 立刻终止

QUIT 平滑终止

USR1 重新打开日志文件

USR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块

示例：

php-fpm 关闭：

kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

php-fpm 重启：

kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

查看php-fpm进程数：

ps aux | grep -c php-fpm

三、安装 nginx 0.8.46

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.30/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.2.1.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.2.1/

./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-pcre=/data0/soft/pcre-8.30

make && make install

cd ../

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data0/logs

chmod +w /data0/logs

chown -R www:www /data0/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件

①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

引用user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data0/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name 42.121.83.101;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

}

log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘

‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘

‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;

access_log /data0/logs/access.log access;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name www.s135.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

}

log_format wwwlogs ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘

‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘

‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;

access_log /data0/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name status.blog.s135.com;

location / {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

}

}

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容：

引用fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

#检测配置文件

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

#提示表示成功

#nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

#nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

#开启Nginx

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx &

#平滑重启Nginx

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm &

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用# Add

net. ipv4 .tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、平滑重启：

①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令

查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep “nginx: master process” | grep -v “grep” | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}’

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：

6302

这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容：

引用#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path=”/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/”mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y”)/$(date -d “yesterday” +”%m”)/mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y”)/$(date -d “yesterday” +”%m”)/access_$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y%m%d”).log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

输入以下内容：

引用00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

crontab -l 查看你的定时任务是否加进去了。