详解apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54及三种风格的init程序特点和区别

2022-09-03 17:58:49 58 0
魁首哥

目录

  • 源码包编译实例
    • 下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包
    • 安装apr
    • 安装apr-util
    • 安装httpd
    • 源码编译报错信息处理
  • init程序的三种风格
    • init程序三种风格的特点

      源码包编译实例

      下面通过编译安装httpd来深入理解源码包安装(httpd-2.4.54)

      下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包

      //源码包建议到官方网站下载

      [root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz
      [root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/
      [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
      [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://oss.qiaqa.com/article/2022/09/03/1951.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://oss.qiaqa.com/article/2022/09/03/1952.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://oss.qiaqa.com/article/2022/09/03/1953.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# ls
      apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      

      安装apr

      [root@lnh xbz]# ls
      apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
      [root@lnh xbz]# ls 
      apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      //将apr解压到当前目录
      [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/
      [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls
      apr-config.in  build-outputs.mk  helpers       misc           strings
      apr.dep        CHANGES           include       mmap           support
      apr.dsp        CMakeLists.txt    libapr.dep    network_io     tables
      apr.dsw        config.layout     libapr.dsp    NOTICE         test
      apr.mak        configure         libapr.mak    NWGNUmakefile  threadproc
      apr.pc.in      configure.in      libapr.rc     passwd         time
      apr.spec       docs              LICENSE       poll           tools
      atomic         dso               locks         random         user
      build          jseMACs-mode        Makefile.in   README
      build.conf     eandroidncoding          Makefile.win  README.cmake
      buildconf      file_io           memory        shmem
      //进入这个源码包可以看见里面被解压出来的东西
      [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr
      ...
      configure: creating ./config.status
      config.status: creating Makefile
      config.status: creating include/apr.h
      config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
      config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
      config.status: creating apr-1-config
      config.status: creating apr.pc
      config.status: creating test/Makefile
      config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
      config.status: creating include/arch/Unix/apr_private.h
      config.status: executing libtool commands
      rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
      config.status: executing default commands
      //生成Makefile
      一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里
      建议,源码包都是安装在/opt/目录下或者/usr/local/src目录下面
      [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make
      ...
      gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -Dlinux -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private  export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp
      sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
      sed -e 's,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
      make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'
      //编译生成Makefile,此处虽然出现了make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0',但是没关系可以继续进行下一步安装
      [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install
      ...
      /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1
      for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \
          /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \
      done
      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
      /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config
      //进行安装
      [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/
      [root@lnh apr]# ls
      bin  build-1  include  lib
      //进入apr的路径进行查看,默认情况下,系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib,/usr/lib,我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件,而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效,若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令
      [root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
      [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf
      [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
      /usr/local/src/apr
      //切换到前一个工作目录
      [root@lnh apr]# ldconfig 
      //使命令生效
      [root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr
      [root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/
      total 4
      drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1
      lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/
      将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
      

      折叠

      安装apr-util

      [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libXML2-devel pcre-devel
      //需要先安装这个依赖
      [root@lnh xbz]# ls
      apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
      [root@lnh xbz]# ls
      apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
      //解压到当前目录
      [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
      [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls
      aprutil.dep       CHANGES            include         NWGNUmakefile
      aprutil.dsp       CMakeLists.txt     ldap            README
      aprutil.dsw       config.layout      libaprutil.dep  README.cmake
      aprutil.mak       configure          libaprutil.dsp  README.FREETDS
      apr-util.pc.in    configure.in       libaprutil.mak  Redis
      apr-util.spec     crypto             libaprutil.rc   renames_pending
      apu-config.in     dbd                LICENSE         strmatch
      buckets           dbm                Makefile.in     test
      build             docs               Makefile.win    uri
      build.conf        encoding           memcache        xlate
      buildconf         export_vars.sh.in  misc            xml
      build-outputs.mk  hooks              NOTICE
      //进入源码包查看被解压出来的东西
      [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr
      ...
      configure: creating ./config.status
      config.status: creating Makefile
      config.status: creating export_vars.sh
      config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
      config.status: creating apr-util.pc
      config.status: creating apu-1-config
      config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h
      config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h
      config.status: creating include/apu.h
      config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
      config.status: creating test/Makefile
      config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
      config.status: executing default commands
      //生成Makefile文件,需要伴随着上一个指定的依赖
      [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make
      ...
      gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e 's/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/' >> aprutil.exp
      gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> aprutil.exp
      sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apu-1-config > apu-config.out
      make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'
      //编译生成的Makefile文件,出现make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'这个没有关系可以继续进行下一步安装
      [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
      ...
      See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
      more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib
      /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
      //进行安装
      [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/
      [root@lnh apr-util]# ls
      bin  include  lib
      //切换到apr-util安装目录进行查看,默认情况下,系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib,/usr/lib,我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件,而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效,若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令
      [root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
      [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/srvUvDyRzuLc/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf 
      [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
      /usr/local/src/apr-util
      //切换到上一个工作目录
      [root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr
      -util
      //将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
      

      折叠

      安装httpd

      [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz 
      [root@lnh xbz]# ls
      apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54
      apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
      //解压到当前目录
      [root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
      [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls
      ABOUT_APACHE     CMakeLists.txt  InstallBin.dsp  README
      acinclude.m4     config.layout   LAYOUT          README.CHANGES
      Apache-apr2.dsw  configure       libhttpd.dep    README.cmake
      Apache.dsw       configure.in    libhttpd.dsp    README.platforms
      apache_probes.d  docs            libhttpd.mak    ROADMAP
      ap.d             emacs-style     LICENSE         server
      build            httpd.dep       Makefile.in     srclib
      BuildAll.dsp     httpd.dsp       Makefile.win    support
      BuildBin.dsp     httpd.mak       modules         test
      buildconf        httpd.spec      NOTICE          VERSIONING
      CHANGES          include         NWGNUmakefile
      changes-entries  INSTALL         os
      //查看被解压出来的东西
      [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util
      ...
      config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
      config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
      config.status: executing default commands
      configure: summary of build options:
      
          Server Version: 2.4.54
          Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd
          C compiler:     gcc
          CFLAGS:          -g -O2 -pthread  
          CPPFLAGS:        -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE  
          LDFLAGS:           
          LIBS:             
          C preprocessor: gcc -E
      
      //生成Makefile文件
      [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make
      ...
      /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc  -g -O2 -pthread           -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version  mod_rewrite.lo 
      make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
      make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
      make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules'
      make[2]: Entering directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
      make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
      
      make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
      //编译生成Makefile文件,出现的一些没有读取到的问题没有关系,继续进行下一步
      [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install
      ...
      Installing man pages and online manual
      mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man
      mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1
      mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8
      mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual
      make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
      //进行安装
      [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/
      [root@lnh httpd]# ls
      bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manual
      build  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules
      //切换到httpd的安装目录进行查看,默认情况下,系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib,/usr/lib
      [root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
      [root@lnh httpd]# ll  /usr/include/httpd
      lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/
      //将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
      [root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
      [root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 
      //配置httpd的全局环境变量,并生成效果
      [root@lnh httpd]# which httpd 
      /usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd
      [root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
      MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/man
      MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/share/man
      MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/share/man
      MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/src/httpd/man
      //添加后面这一行
      [root@lnh ~]# httpd
      AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
      httpd (pid 35719) already running
      //启动服务
      [root@lnh ~]# ss -antl
      State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
      LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
      LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                  *:*              
      LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*
      //查看端口              
      [root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
      //关闭防火墙
      

      折叠

      服务80端口

      源码编译报错信息处理

      checking for APR... no
      configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.
      //解决方案
      [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://oss.qiaqa.com/article/2022/09/03/1952.gz
      [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://oss.qiaqa.com/article/2022/09/03/1953.gz
      提前把这两个依赖包安装好才可以进行生成Makefile文件
      
      无法进行生成两个依赖包的Makefile文件
      //解决方案
      [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
      提前下载编译工具
      

      init程序的三种风格

      • SysV⻛格:init(Centos5),实现系统初始化时,随后的初始化操作都是借助于脚本来实现的,(/etc/inittab)
      • Upstart风格:init(centos6),由Ubuntu研发的,通过总线形式以接近于并行的方式工作,效率比SysV高,配置文件(/etc/inittab,/etc/init/*.conf)
      • Systemd风格:systemd(centos7),启动速度快,系统引导时实现服务并行启动,比前两者的效率都高,配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system,/etc/systemd/system)

      init程序三种风格的特点

      SysV⻛格特点:

      • 脚本中含有大量的命令,每个命令都要启动一个进程,命令执行完以后就要终止这个进程。如此一来,系统初始化时将大量的创建进程,销毁进程,工作效率会非常低
      • 服务间可能会存在依赖关系,必须严格按照一定的顺序来启动服务,前一个服务没启动完后面的服务就无法执行启动过程。不能并行进行

      Upstart风格特点:

      • 基于总线方式能够让进程间互相通信的一个应用程序
      • 不用等服务启动完成,只要一初始化就可以把自己的状态返回给其他进程

      Systemd风格特点:

      • 启动速度比SysV和Upstart都快
      • 不需要通过任何脚本来启动服务,systemd自身就可以启动服务,其本身就是一个强大的解释器,启动服务时不需要sh/bash的参与
      • systemd不真正在系统初始化时去启动任何一个服务只要服务没用到,它告诉你启动了,实际上并没有启动。仅当第一次去访问时才会真正启动服务

      到此这篇关于apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54以及三种风格的init程序特点和区别的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!

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