怎么在Spring boot中使用Junit进行单体测试

这篇文章给大家介绍怎么在Spring boot中使用Junit进行单体测试，内容非常详细，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴，希望对大家能有所帮助。

pom设定

pom中需要添加spring-boot-starter-test

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

确认依赖

使用Java进行Unit测试至少需要Junit之类的测试框架，另外spring boot相关的测试还应该有一些Mock相关的依赖，这个spring-boot-starter-test到底包含什么，可以使用maven dependency来进行确认一下。

使用命令：mvn dependency:tree

结果信息：

[INFO]---maven-dependency-plugin:3.0.2:tree(default-cli)@springbootdemo---
[INFO]com.liumiaocn:springbootdemo:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|||+-ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.3:compile
[INFO]||||\-ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.3:compile
[INFO]|||+-org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar:2.10.0:compile
[INFO]||||\-org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar:2.10.0:compile
[INFO]|||\-org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile
[INFO]||+-javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:jar:1.3.2:compile
[INFO]||\-org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.19:runtime
[INFO]|+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||+-com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.9.7:compile
[INFO]|||+-com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.9.0:compile
[INFO]|||\-com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.9.7:compile
[INFO]||+-com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.9.7:compile
[INFO]||+-com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.9.7:compile
[INFO]||\-com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.9.7:compile
[INFO]|+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||+-org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:8.5.34:compile
[INFO]||+-org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:8.5.34:compile
[INFO]||\-org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:8.5.34:compile
[INFO]|+-org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.13.Final:compile
[INFO]||+-javax.validation:validation-api:jar:2.0.1.Final:compile
[INFO]||+-org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.3.2.Final:compile
[INFO]||\-com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.3.4:compile
[INFO]|+-org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]||\-org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|\-org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|+-org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|+-org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|\-org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]\-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test
[INFO]+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test
[INFO]+-org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test
[INFO]+-com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.4.0:test
[INFO]|+-net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.3:test
[INFO]||\-net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:1.2:test
[INFO]||\-org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:5.0.4:test
[INFO]|\-org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.25:compile
[INFO]+-junit:junit:jar:4.12:test
[INFO]+-org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.9.1:test
[INFO]+-org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test
[INFO]|+-net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.7.11:test
[INFO]|+-net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.7.11:test
[INFO]|\-org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.6:test
[INFO]+-org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:test
[INFO]+-org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:jar:1.3:test
[INFO]+-org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test
[INFO]|\-com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test
[INFO]+-org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]|\-org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]+-org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:test
[INFO]\-org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.5.1:test

在org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test下面我们看到了junit:junit:jar:4.12:test以及org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test的信息，这是spring boot已经整理完毕的内容，我们只需要写TestCase即可。

创建测试目录

根据惯例创建测试目录如下：

liumiaocn:srcliumiao$ls
maintest
liumiaocn:srcliumiao$find.-typed
.
./test
./test/java
./test/java/com
./test/java/com/liumiaocn
./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo
./main
./main/resources
./main/java
./main/java/com
./main/java/com/liumiaocn
./main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo
liumiaocn:srcliumiao$

创建测试用例

代码示例

liumiaocn:srcliumiao$cat./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/SpringbootdemoApplicationTests.java
packagecom.liumiaocn.springbootdemo;
importorg.junit.Test;
importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;
importorg.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
importorg.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
publicclassSpringbootdemoApplicationTests{
@Test
publicvoidcontextLoads(){
}
}
liumiaocn:srcliumiao$

代码说明

• COC：根据惯例进行定义测试类的名称

• SpringBootTest注解：SpringBootTest是1.4之后引入的一个注解，使得springboot的测试变得更加方便

• RunWith注解：使用了此注解的情况下，JUnit会调用RunWith中所指定的类。不同的框架提供相应的Runner用于测试，比如Junit自己的JUnit4.class，在比如spring的SpringJUnit4ClassRunner或者SpringRunner，都可与之结合使用。

• Test注解：Junit的常用注解之一，用于定义测试方法，不再赘述。

执行测试

命令： mvn test

部分执行内容如下：

[INFO]Results:
[INFO]
[INFO]Testsrun:1,Failures:0,Errors:0,Skipped:0

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