Python爬虫之如何爬取我爱我家二手房数据

tangjin
tangjin
作者

这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Python爬虫之如何爬取我爱我家二手房数据的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。

一、问题说明

首先，运行下述代码，复现问题：

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
importre
importrequests
frombs4importBeautifulSoup


cookie='PHPSESSID=aivms4ufg15sbrj0qgboo3c6gj;HMF_CI=4d8ff20092e9832daed8fe5eb0475663812603504e007aca93e6630c00b84dc207;_ga=GA1.2.556271139.1620784679;gr_user_id=4c878c8f-406b-46a0-86ee-a9baf2267477;_dx_uzZo5y=68b673b0aaec1f296c34e36c9e9d378bdb2050ab4638a066872a36f781c888efa97af3b5;smidV2=20210512095758ff7656962db3adf41fa8fdc8ddc02ecb00bac57209becfaa0;yfx_c_g_u_id_10000001=_ck21051209583410015104784406594;__TD_deviceId=41HK9PMCSF7GOT8G;zufang_cookiekey=["%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E8%25A1%2597%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E8%25A1%2597%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%97%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D"];ershoufang_cookiekey=["%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fershoufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D"];zufang_BROWSES=501465046,501446051,90241951,90178388,90056278,90187979,501390110,90164392,90168076,501472221,501434480,501480593,501438374,501456072,90194547,90223523,501476326,90245144;historyCity=["\u5317\u4eac"];_gid=GA1.2.23153704.1621410645;Hm_lvt_94ed3d23572054a86ed341d64b267ec6=1620784715,1621410646;_Jo0OQK=4958FA78A5CC420C425C480565EB46670E81832D8173C5B3CFE61303A51DE43E320422D6C7A15892C5B8B66971ED1B97A7334F0B591B193EBECAAB0E446D805316B26107A0B847CA53375B268E06EC955BB75B268E06EC955BB9D992FB153179892GJ1Z1OA==;ershoufang_BROWSES=501129552;domain=bj;8fcfcf2bd7c58141_gr_session_id=61676ce2-ea23-4f77-8165-12edcc9ed902;8fcfcf2bd7c58141_gr_session_id_61676ce2-ea23-4f77-8165-12edcc9ed902=true;yfx_f_l_v_t_10000001=f_t_1620784714003__r_t_1621471673953__v_t_1621474304616__r_c_2;Hm_lpvt_94ed3d23572054a86ed341d64b267ec6=1621475617'
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/90.0.4430.72Safari/537.36',
'Cookie':cookie.encode("utf-8").decode("latin1")
}


defrun():
base_url='https://bj.5i5j.com/ershoufang/xichengqu/n%d/'
forpageinrange(1,11):
url=base_url%page
print(url)
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
try:
forliinsoup.find('div',class_='list-con-box').find('ul',class_='pList').find_all('li'):
title=li.find('h4',class_='listTit').get_text()#名称
#print(title)
exceptExceptionase:
print(e)
print(html)
break


if__name__=='__main__':
run()

运行后会发现，在抓取https://bj.5i5j.com/ershoufang/xichengqu/n1/(也可能是其他页码)时，会报错：'NoneType' object has no attribute 'find'，观察输出的html信息，可以发现html内容为：<HTML><HEAD><script>window.location.href="https://bj.5i5j.com/ershoufang/xichengqu/n1/?wscckey=0f36b400da92f41d_1621823822" rel="external nofollow" ;</script></HEAD><BODY>，但此链接在浏览器访问是可以看到数据的，但链接会被重定向，重定向后的url即为上面这个html的href内容。因此，可以合理的推断，针对部分页码链接，我爱我家不会直接返回数据，但会返回带有正确链接的信息，通过正则表达式获取该链接即可正确抓取数据。

二、解决方法

在下面的完整代码中，采取的解决方法是：

1.首先判断当前html是否含有数据

2.若无数据，则通过正则表达式获取正确链接

3.重新获取html数据

if'<HTML><HEAD><script>window.location.href='inhtml:
	url=re.search(r'.*?href="(.+)"rel="externalnofollow"rel="externalnofollow".*?',html).group(1)
	html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text

三、完整代码

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
importos
importre
importrequests
importcsv
importtime
frombs4importBeautifulSoup

folder_path=os.path.split(os.path.abspath(__file__))[0]+os.sep#获取当前文件所在目录
cookie='PHPSESSID=aivms4ufg15sbrj0qgboo3c6gj;HMF_CI=4d8ff20092e9832daed8fe5eb0475663812603504e007aca93e6630c00b84dc207;_ga=GA1.2.556271139.1620784679;gr_user_id=4c878c8f-406b-46a0-86ee-a9baf2267477;_dx_uzZo5y=68b673b0aaec1f296c34e36c9e9d378bdb2050ab4638a066872a36f781c888efa97af3b5;smidV2=20210512095758ff7656962db3adf41fa8fdc8ddc02ecb00bac57209becfaa0;yfx_c_g_u_id_10000001=_ck21051209583410015104784406594;__TD_deviceId=41HK9PMCSF7GOT8G;zufang_cookiekey=["%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E8%25A1%2597%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E8%25A1%2597%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%97%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D"];ershoufang_cookiekey=["%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fzufang%2F_%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E9%2595%25BF%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D","%7B%22url%22%3A%22%2Fershoufang%2F_%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%3Fzn%3D%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%25A1%25A5%22%2C%22x%22%3A%220%22%2C%22y%22%3A%220%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%A5%22%2C%22total%22%3A%220%22%7D"];zufang_BROWSES=501465046,501446051,90241951,90178388,90056278,90187979,501390110,90164392,90168076,501472221,501434480,501480593,501438374,501456072,90194547,90223523,501476326,90245144;historyCity=["\u5317\u4eac"];_gid=GA1.2.23153704.1621410645;Hm_lvt_94ed3d23572054a86ed341d64b267ec6=1620784715,1621410646;_Jo0OQK=4958FA78A5CC420C425C480565EB46670E81832D8173C5B3CFE61303A51DE43E320422D6C7A15892C5B8B66971ED1B97A7334F0B591B193EBECAAB0E446D805316B26107A0B847CA53375B268E06EC955BB75B268E06EC955BB9D992FB153179892GJ1Z1OA==;ershoufang_BROWSES=501129552;domain=bj;8fcfcf2bd7c58141_gr_session_id=61676ce2-ea23-4f77-8165-12edcc9ed902;8fcfcf2bd7c58141_gr_session_id_61676ce2-ea23-4f77-8165-12edcc9ed902=true;yfx_f_l_v_t_10000001=f_t_1620784714003__r_t_1621471673953__v_t_1621474304616__r_c_2;Hm_lpvt_94ed3d23572054a86ed341d64b267ec6=1621475617'
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/90.0.4430.72Safari/537.36',
'Cookie':cookie.encode("utf-8").decode("latin1")
}


defget_page(url):
"""获取网页原始数据"""
globalheaders
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
returnhtml


defextract_info(html):
"""解析网页数据，抽取出房源相关信息"""
host='https://bj.5i5j.com'
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
data=[]
forliinsoup.find('div',class_='list-con-box').find('ul',class_='pList').find_all('li'):
try:
title=li.find('h4',class_='listTit').get_text()#名称
url=host+li.find('h4',class_='listTit').a['href']#链接
info_li=li.find('div',class_='listX')#每个房源核心信息都在这里
p1=info_li.find_all('p')[0].get_text()#获取第一段
info1=[i.strip()foriinp1.split('·')]
#户型、面积、朝向、楼层、装修、建成时间
house_type,area,direction,floor,decoration,build_year=info1
p2=info_li.find_all('p')[1].get_text()#获取第二段
info2=[i.replace('','')foriinp2.split('·')]
#小区、位于几环、交通信息
iflen(info2)==2:
residence,ring=info2
transport=''#部分房源无交通信息
eliflen(info2)==3:
residence,ring,transport=info2
else:
residence,ring,transport=['','','']
p3=info_li.find_all('p')[2].get_text()#获取第三段
info3=[i.replace('','')foriinp3.split('·')]
#关注人数、带看次数、发布时间
try:
watch,arrive,release_year=info3
exceptExceptionase:
print(info2,'获取带看、发布日期信息出错')
watch,arrive,release_year=['','','']
total_price=li.find('p',class_='redC').get_text().strip()#房源总价
univalence=li.find('div',class_='jia').find_all('p')[1].get_text().replace('单价','')#房源单价
else_info=li.find('div',class_='listTag').get_text()
data.append([title,url,house_type,area,direction,floor,decoration,residence,ring,
transport,total_price,univalence,build_year,release_year,watch,arrive,else_info])
exceptExceptionase:
print('extract_info:',e)
returndata


defcrawl():
esf_url='https://bj.5i5j.com/ershoufang/'#主页网址
fields=['城区','名称','链接','户型','面积','朝向','楼层','装修','小区','环','交通情况','总价','单价',
'建成时间','发布时间','关注','带看','其他信息']
f=open(folder_path+'data'+os.sep+'北京二手房-我爱我家.csv','w',newline='',encoding='gb18030')
writer=csv.writer(f,delimiter=',')#以逗号分割
writer.writerow(fields)
page=1
regex=re.compile(r'.*?href="(.+)"rel="externalnofollow"rel="externalnofollow".*?')
whileTrue:
url=esf_url+'n%s/'%page#构造页面链接
ifpage==1:
url=esf_url
html=get_page(url)
#部分页面链接无法获取数据，需进行判断，并从返回html内容中获取正确链接，重新获取html
if'<HTML><HEAD><script>window.location.href='inhtml:
url=regex.search(html).group(1)
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
print(url)
data=extract_info(html)
ifdata:
writer.writerows(data)
page+=1
f.close()


if__name__=='__main__':
crawl()#启动爬虫

四、数据展示

截至2021年5月23日，共获取数据62943条，基本上将我爱我家官网上北京地区的二手房数据全部抓取下来了。

Python爬虫之如何爬取我爱我家二手房数据

感谢各位的阅读！关于“Python爬虫之如何爬取我爱我家二手房数据”这篇文章就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，让大家可以学到更多知识，如果觉得文章不错，可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧！

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发布于 2021-05-30 14:08:28
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