C语言如何实现简单学生管理系统

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花了一个月的时间，学习了链表，文件，多文件编程，然后就开始写学生管理系统，比较简单的那种，实现了增，添，改，查，多种排序，输入的时候的限定，成绩分析的功能。遇到的问题很多，也尝试解决了，下面写点写学生管理系统的要注意的地方，希望对别人有帮助。

1.一定要先写好主函数的框架，然后再往上面加东西，这样说有点笼统，我把我的主函数在下面，可以借鉴下哈。我的主函数是一个while(1)的无限循环，里面一个switch选择，利用一个菜单函数，让其返回值当成switch选择的值，然后进入不同的功能主函数，其他功能主函数和主函数的套路一样。

intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){
login();//这是个的介绍自己的函数
Sleep(1000);
//睡眠函数
while(1)
{
switch(menu())
//主菜单选择函数
{
case1:
system("CLS");
//清屏函数
printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");
head=luru();
cr(head);
intchoice;
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==0)
break;
case2:
system("CLS");
//printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");
paxu();
intend;
scanf("%d",&end);
if(end==0)
break;
case3:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");
xg();
inta;
scanf("%d",&a);
if(a==0)
break;
case4:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");
fx();
intb;
scanf("%d",&b);
if(b==0)
break;
case5:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");
Sleep(1000);
exit(-1);
break;
}
system("PAUSE");
}
return0;
}

2.输入模块一定要注意输入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次处理好一个节点后就让用户判定是否继续输入，在格式控制方面，我当用户输入一次，就判定它是否符号规范，如果不规范，就重新输入。最后存入文件中。

3.一定要把函数写的利用率高一点，这样就可以减少代码的重复书写，这个全凭自己的写代码的风格了，我自己在这点也没有做太好，反省中，以前刚开始学c的时候有人说c语言的主体是函数，不太懂，等写完这个，感觉说的真的很对，c语言的函数写好后，在该用的时候直接引用，很方便。

完整代码

主函数

main.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include"student.h"
#include<string.h>
/*runthisprogramusingtheconsolepauseroraddyourowngetch,system("pause")orinputloop*/

intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){
login();
//structstudent*head;
Sleep(1000);
while(1)
{
switch(menu())
{
case1:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");
head=luru();
cr(head);
intchoice;
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==0)
break;
case2:
system("CLS");
//printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");
paxu();
intend;
scanf("%d",&end);
if(end==0)
break;
case3:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");
xg();
inta;
scanf("%d",&a);
if(a==0)
break;
case4:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");
fx();
intb;
scanf("%d",&b);
if(b==0)
break;
case5:
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");
Sleep(1000);
exit(-1);
break;
}
system("PAUSE");
}
return0;
}

函数声明

student.h

#include<stdio.h>
structstudent*temp;
structstudent*head;
structstudent{
intnum;
charname[6];
intyw;
intsx;
intyy;
structstudent*next;
};
intmenu();
voidlogin();
structstudent*luru();
voidcr(structstudent*h);
structstudent*cc();
intmenu1();
voidpaxu();
voidpx1();
voidpx2();
voidpx3();
voidpx4();
voidsanch();
voidtj();
voidxg();
voidfx();

函数定义

student.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include"student.h"
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
intmenu()
{
charn;
do{
system("cls");
printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|*****学生管理系统*****|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|1.学生成绩录入|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|2.学生成绩排序和删除|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|3.成绩的修改|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|4.学生成绩分析|\n");
printf("\t\t\t|5.退出程序|\n");
printf("\t\t\t---------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("请选择1-5：");
n=getch();
}while(n<'0'||n>'5');
return(n-48);
}

voidlogin()
{
printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t学生信息管理系统\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t版本号：0.2\n\n");
printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t2017年5月10日\n\n");
printf("\n\n\t\t\tsakurakid\n");
}
structstudent*luru()
{

structstudent*rhead,*r,*t,*stu;
rhead=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent));
t=rhead;
rhead->next=NULL;
charxx;
intflag=1;
printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|学生管理系统|\n");
printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
printf("\t\t||\n");
printf("\t\t|输入1添加|\n");
printf("\t\t|输入0退出|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
{
xx=getch();
}
if(xx=='1')
{
system("CLS");
do{
system("CLS");
stu=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent));
printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|学生管理系统|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t||\n");
printf("\t\t|输入1添加|\n");
printf("\t\t|输入0退出|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t学号:");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
if(stu->num>99999999||stu->num<10000000)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入学号:");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
}
printf("\t\t姓名:");scanf("%s",stu->name);
if(stu->name[0]>0)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入姓名:");scanf("%s",stu->name);
}
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
}
t->next=stu;
t=stu;
xx=getch();
printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");
while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
{
xx=getch();
}
}while(xx=='1');
t->next=NULL;
}
return(rhead);
}

voidcr(structstudent*h)
{
structstudent*stu;
FILE*fp;
if((fp=fopen("学生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL)
{
printf("文件出错233，按任意键退出！");
getch();
exit(1);
}
for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next)
{
fprintf(fp,"%d%s%d%d%d\n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy);
}
fclose(fp);
}

structstudent*cc()
{
structstudent*ahead,*r,*stu;
FILE*f1;
f1=fopen("学生信息.txt","rt");
ahead=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent));
ahead->next=NULL;
r=ahead;
while(!feof(f1))
{
stu=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent));
fscanf(f1,"%d%s%d%d%d\n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy);
r->next=stu;
r=stu;
}
r->next=NULL;
fclose(f1);
returnahead;
}

intmenu1()
{
system("CLS");
charn;
do{
system("CLS");
printf("\t\t__________________________________________________\n");
printf("\t\t||\n");
printf("\t\t|1.顺序排序2.按英语排序3.按语文排序|\n");
printf("\t\t|4.按数学排序5.删除学生6.添加学生|\n");
printf("\t\t||\n");
printf("\t\t|______________按0退出___________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t请选择0-6：");
n=getch();
}while(n<'0'||n>'6');
return(n-48);
}

voidpaxu()
{
system("CLS");
charn;
do{
switch(menu1())
{
case1:
px1();
break;
case2:
system("CLS");
px2();
break;
case3:
system("CLS");
px3();
break;
case4:
system("CLS");
px4();
break;
case5:
system("CLS");
sanch();
break;
case6:
system("CLS");
tj();
break;
}
printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");
n=getch();
while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
{
n=getch();
}
}while(n=='1');
if(n=='0')
return;
}

voidpx1()
{
structstudent*t,*h;
h=cc();
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
{
printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
}
}
voidpx2()
{
structstudent*p,*q,*head,*t;
head=cc();
inttnum;
chartname[6];
inttyw;
inttsx;
inttyy;
for(p=head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
if(p->yy<q->yy)
{
tnum=p->num;
p->num=q->num;
q->num=tnum;

strcpy(tname,p->name);
strcpy(p->name,q->name);
strcpy(q->name,tname);

tyw=p->yw;
p->yw=q->yw;
q->yw=tyw;

tsx=p->sx;
p->sx=q->sx;
q->sx=tsx;

tyy=p->yy;
p->yy=q->yy;
q->yy=tyy;


}
}
}
printf("\t\t英语排序\n");
printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
{
printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
}
}
voidpx3()
{
structstudent*p,*q,*head,*t;
head=cc();
inttnum;
chartname[6];
inttyw;
inttsx;
inttyy;
for(p=head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
if(p->yw<q->yw)
{
tnum=p->num;
p->num=q->num;
q->num=tnum;

strcpy(tname,p->name);
strcpy(p->name,q->name);
strcpy(q->name,tname);

tyw=p->yw;
p->yw=q->yw;
q->yw=tyw;

tsx=p->sx;
p->sx=q->sx;
q->sx=tsx;

tyy=p->yy;
p->yy=q->yy;
q->yy=tyy;
}
}
}
printf("\t\t语文排序\n");
printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
{
printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
}
}
voidpx4()
{
structstudent*p,*q,*head,*t;
head=cc();
inttnum;
chartname[6];
inttyw;
inttsx;
inttyy;
for(p=head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
if(p->sx<q->sx)
{
tnum=p->num;
p->num=q->num;
q->num=tnum;

strcpy(tname,p->name);
strcpy(p->name,q->name);
strcpy(q->name,tname);

tyw=p->yw;
p->yw=q->yw;
q->yw=tyw;

tsx=p->sx;
p->sx=q->sx;
q->sx=tsx;

tyy=p->yy;
p->yy=q->yy;
q->yy=tyy;
}
}
}
printf("\t\t数学排序\n");
printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
{
printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
}
}
voidsanch()
{
px1();
structstudent*p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
phead=cc();
intn;
intflag=0;
printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|______________删除学生信息_________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t请输入要删除的学生学号：");
scanf("%d",&n);
p=phead;
for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
{
if(m->num==n)
{
printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");
flag=0;
break;
}
else
flag=1;
}
if(flag==1)
printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");
if(flag==0)
{
if(phead->num==n)
{
phead=phead->next;
}
else
{
while(p->num!=n&&p->next!=NULL)
{
t=p;
p=p->next;
}
if(p->num==n)
{
t->next=p->next;
}
}
printf("\t\t该学生信息已删除\n");
}
cr(phead);
}
voidtj()
{
structstudent*phead,*stu;
phead=cc();
printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|______________添加学生信息_________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
stu=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent));
printf("\t\t学号:");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
if(stu->num>99999999||stu->num<10000000)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入学号:");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
}
printf("\t\t姓名:");scanf("%s",stu->name);
if(stu->name[0]>0)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入姓名:");scanf("%s",stu->name);
}
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
}
stu->next=phead->next;
phead->next=stu;
printf("\t\t学生信息已存入\n");
cr(phead);
}
voidxg()
{
system("CLS");
charn;
do{
system("CLS");
px1();
structstudent*p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
intflag=0;
inttimp;
phead=cc();
printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|______________修改学生信息_________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t请输入要修改的学生学号：");
scanf("%d",&timp);
p=phead;
for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
{
if(m->num==timp)
{
printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");
flag=0;
break;
}
else
flag=1;
}
if(flag==1)
printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");
if(flag==0)
{
printf("\t\t该学生的原信息如下\n");
printf("\t\t学号：%d\n",m->num);
printf("\t\t姓名：%s\n",m->name);
printf("\t\t语文：%d\n",m->yw);
printf("\t\t数学：%d\n",m->sx);
printf("\t\t英语：%d\n\n",m->yy);
printf("\t\t请重新输入该学生的信息\n");
printf("\t\t学号:");scanf("%d",&m->num);
if(m->num>99999999||m->num<10000000)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入学号:");scanf("%d",&m->num);
}
printf("\t\t姓名:");scanf("%s",m->name);
if(m->name[0]>0)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入姓名:");scanf("%s",m->name);
}
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100)
{
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
printf("\t\t______________________\n");
printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
printf("\t\t语文:");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
printf("\t\t数学:");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
printf("\t\t英语:");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
}
printf("\t\t该学生信息已修改\n");
cr(phead);
}
printf("继续修改请按1，退出请按0：");
n=getch();
while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
{
n=getch();
}
}while(n=='1');
if(n=='0')
return;
}
voidfx()
{
structstudent*p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
intflag=0;
intjyw=0;
intjsx=0;
intjyy=0;
inttimp;
intn=0;
phead=cc();
p=phead;
for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
{
n++;
if(t->sx>=60)
jsx++;
if(t->yw>=60)
jyw++;
if(t->yy>=60)
jyy++;
}
printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
printf("\t\t|______________学生成绩分析_________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
printf("\t\t一共录入了%d个学生成绩\n",n);
printf("\t\t语文及格人数为%d\n",jyw);
printf("\t\t数学及格人数为%d\n",jsx);
printf("\t\t英语及格人数为%d\n",jyy);
printf("\t\t分析完毕\n");
printf("退出请按0：");
}

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